Ese ikibazo cy’ibyuma mu Burayi kiri hafi?

Uburayi bwagize akazi kenshi muri iyi minsi. Bwarenzwe n'izamuka ry'ibicuruzwa byinshi bya peteroli, gaze karemano n'ibiribwa, ariko ubu buhanganye n'ikibazo cy'icyuma giteje akaga.

Ibyuma ni ishingiro ry'ubukungu bwa none. Kuva ku mashini zimesa imyenda n'imodoka kugeza ku nyubako za gari ya moshi n'inyubako ndende, byose ni ibikoresho by'ibyuma. Dushobora kuvuga ko muri rusange tuba mu isi y'ibyuma.

Ariko, Bloomberg yaburiye ko ibyuma bishobora kuba ikintu cy'agaciro vuba aha nyuma y'uko ikibazo cya Ukraine gitangiye kwiyongera mu Burayi bwose.

01 Kubera ko ibyuma byari bike cyane, ibiciro by'ibyuma byashyize imbaraga mu guhindura "inshuro ebyiri"

Amakuru aturuka ku makuru ya worldsteel agaragaza ko ku modoka isanzwe, icyuma kigira 60% by'uburemere bwayo bwose, kandi ikiguzi cy'iki cyuma cyazamutse kuva kuri 400 euro kuri toni mu ntangiriro za 2019 kigera kuri 1.250 euro kuri toni.

By’umwihariko, ibiciro bya rebar byo mu Burayi byazamutse cyane bigera ku ma-euro 1,140 kuri toni mu cyumweru gishize, byazamutseho 150% ugereranyije n’impera za 2019. Hagati aho, igiciro cya hot rolled coil nacyo cyageze ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane, kigera ku ma-euro 1,400 kuri toni, ubwiyongere bwa hafi 250% ugereranije na mbere y’icyorezo.

Imwe mu mpamvu zatumye ibiciro by'ibyuma mu Burayi bizamuka ni ibihano byafatiwe ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by'ibyuma mu Burusiya, binareba abambari bafite imigabane myinshi mu nganda z'ibyuma mu Burusiya, ikaba ari yo ya gatatu ku isi mu kohereza ibyuma mu mahanga, ikaba ari iya munani muri Ukraine.

Colin Richardson, umuyobozi w’icyuma mu kigo gishinzwe gutanga raporo ku biciro, avuga ko Uburusiya na Ukraine byose hamwe bigira hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibyuma bitumizwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi na hafi 10% by’ibikenewe mu bihugu by’uburayi. Kandi ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu Burayi, Uburusiya, Belarusi na Ukraine bishobora kugira 60%, kandi binafite igice kinini cy’isoko ry’icyuma kinini (icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa semi-finished).

Byongeye kandi, ikibazo cy’icyuma mu Burayi ni uko hafi 40% by’icyuma mu Burayi bikorerwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi cyangwa inganda nto z’icyuma, zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu guhindura ibyuma bisigaye ugereranije n’icyuma n’amakara mu gukora ibyuma. Gushongesha no gucura ibyuma bishya. Ubu buryo butuma inganda nto z’icyuma zitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije, ariko icyarimwe bigatera ikibazo gikomeye, ni ukuvuga gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Ubu, icyo u Burayi bubura cyane ni ingufu.

Mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu Burayi byarenze gato amayero 500 kuri megawati ku isaha imwe, inshuro zigera ku 10 ugereranyije n'uko byari bimeze mbere y'ikibazo cya Ukraine. Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi ryatumye inganda nyinshi nto z'ibyuma zifunga cyangwa zigabanya umusaruro, zikora gusa mu ijoro aho ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bihendutse, ibintu biri gukinwa kuva muri Esipanye kugera mu Budage.

02 Ibiciro by'ibyuma bishobora kuzamuka mu bwoba, bigatuma izamuka ry'ibiciro rizamuka cyane

Ubu hari impungenge ku nganda ko ibiciro by'ibyuma bishobora kuzamuka cyane, wenda ku kigero cya 40% bikagera hafi ku mayero 2.000 kuri toni, mbere yuko icyifuzo kigabanuka.

Abayobozi b'ibigo by'ibyuma bavuga ko hari ibyago byo kongera gutanga amashanyarazi mu gihe ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bikomeje kwiyongera, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma inganda nto zo mu Burayi zifunga, impungenge zishobora gutera ubwoba bwo kugura no kuzamura ibiciro by'ibyuma.

Kandi kuri banki nkuru, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibyuma rishobora kongera izamuka ry’ibiciro. Muri iki gihe cy’impeshyi, za guverinoma z’i Burayi zishobora guhura n’ikibazo cyo kuzamuka kw’ibiciro by’ibyuma ndetse n’ibura ry’ibikoresho bishobora kuboneka. Rebar, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushimangira sima, ishobora kuzabura vuba aha.

Rero ibiri kuba ubu ni uko Uburayi bushobora gukenera gukanguka vuba. N'ubundi kandi, hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bwashize, ibibazo by'ibicuruzwa biri kwiyongera cyane kurusha uko byari byitezwe, kandi ingaruka ni nyinshi cyane kuruta uko byari byitezwe, kandi ibicuruzwa bike bishobora kuba ingenzi nk'ibyuma ku nganda nyinshi. Icy'ingenzi ni uko ubu hari ibyuma bya karuboni byo mu Bushinwa gusa n'ibindi bicuruzwa, kandi ukwiyongera kuracyari mu rugero rukwiye.