Ishyirahamwe ry’Ibyuma ku Isi (Worldsteel) rifite icyicaro i Buruseli ryashyize ahagaragara icyerekezo cyaryo cy’igihe gito cy’umwaka wa 2021 na 2022. Worldsteel iteganya ko ubukene bw’ibyuma buziyongeraho 5.8 ku ijana muri 2021 bukagera kuri toni miliyari 1.88.
Umusaruro w'ibyuma wagabanutseho 0.2 ku ijana mu 2020. Muri 2022, ubukene bw'ibyuma buzongera kwiyongeraho 2.7 ku ijana bikagera kuri toni miliyari 1.925.
Worldsteel ivuga ko iteganyagihe ririho ubu riteganya ko “icyorezo cya kabiri cyangwa icya gatatu cy’ubwandu bwa [COVID-19] kizahagarara mu gihembwe cya kabiri kandi ko iterambere rirambye ku inkingo rizagerwaho, bigatuma ibintu bisubira mu buryo busanzwe mu bihugu bikomeye bikoresha ibyuma.”
“Nubwo icyorezo cyagize ingaruka mbi ku buzima n’imibereho, inganda z’ibyuma ku isi zagize amahirwe yo kurangiza umwaka wa 2020 nta kugabanuka guke k’ibiciro by’ibyuma,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Saeed Ghumran Al Remeithi, perezida wa Komite Ishinzwe Ubukungu ya Worldsteel.
Komite ivuga ko hakiri “ibitarasobanuka neza mu gihe gisigaye cya 2021,” ivuga ko iterambere rya virusi n’iterambere ry’inkingo, ikurwaho rya politiki y’imari n’iy’imari ishyigikira, politiki y’isi n’amakimbirane mu bucuruzi byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku izamuka ry’ubukungu ryavuzwe mu iteganyagihe ryayo.
Mu bihugu byateye imbere, Worldsteel yanditse iti: “Nyuma yo kugabanuka k’ubukungu mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2020, inganda muri rusange zazamutse vuba mu gihembwe cya gatatu, ahanini bitewe n’ingamba zikomeye zo gutera inkunga ingengo y’imari no gukuraho ubusabe bwari bwiyongera.”
Ariko, iri shyirahamwe rivuga ko urwego rw'ibikorwa rwakomeje kuba munsi y'urugero rwa mbere y'icyorezo mu mpera za 2020. Kubera iyo mpamvu, icyifuzo cy'ibyuma mu bihugu byateye imbere cyagabanutseho 12.7 ku ijana mu 2020.
Worldsteel irateganya ko “Tuzabona iterambere rikomeye mu 2021 na 2022, aho ubwiyongere bwa 8.2 ku ijana na 4.2 ku ijana buzaba buri ku kigero kimwe. Ariko, ubwiyongere bw’ibyuma mu 2022 buzakomeza kuba buke cyane mu 2019.”
Nubwo hari ubwiyongere bw’ubwandu bwinshi, ubukungu bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwashoboye kuzamuka cyane uhereye ku rwego rwa mbere bitewe n’inkunga ikomeye y’imari yafashije mu ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa. Ibi byafashije mu gukora ibicuruzwa biramba, ariko muri rusange icyifuzo cy’icyuma cya Amerika cyagabanutseho 18% mu 2020.
Ubutegetsi bwa Biden bwatangaje igitekerezo cy’ingengo y’imari cya tiriyari ebyiri z’amadolari kirimo ingingo zigenewe ishoramari rikomeye ry’ibikorwa remezo mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi. Iyi gahunda izagenzurwa mu nama nshingamategeko.
Hafi ya gahunda iyo ari yo yose izavamo izaba ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukenera ibyuma. Nyamara, nubwo bimeze bityo kandi hakaba hari intambwe yihuta mu gukingira, kugaruka kw'ibikenewe mu byuma bizagabanuka mu gihe gito bitewe n'izamuka rito ry'ingufu mu nyubako zitari iz'amazu. Urwego rw'imodoka rwitezweho kuzamuka cyane.
Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, inzego zikoresha ibyuma zahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye bitewe n’ingamba za mbere zo gufunga abaturage mu 2020, ariko nyuma yo gufunga abaturage, ibikorwa by’inganda byazamutse cyane kurusha uko byari byitezwe bitewe n’ingamba za leta zishyigikiwe n’ubusabe bw’abaturage ndetse n’ubusabe bwari bwarashyizwe mu bikorwa, nk’uko Worldsteel ibivuga.
Bityo, gukenera ibyuma mu 2020 mu bihugu 27 by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi no mu Bwongereza byarangiye bigabanutseho 11.4 ku ijana kurusha uko byari byitezwe.
“Izamuka ry’ibiciro mu 2021 na 2022 ryitezwe ko rizaba ryiza, bitewe no kuzamuka mu nzego zose zikoresha ibyuma, cyane cyane urwego rw’imodoka n’ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi rusange,” Worldsteel iragira iti. Kugeza ubu, imbaraga z’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi mu kuzamuka kw’ibiciro ntizirahungabanywa n’izamuka ry’icyorezo cya COVID-19, ariko urwego rw’ubuzima rw’umugabane “ruracyari rubi,” uko ni ko umuryango ukomeza ubivuga.
Worldsteel ivuga ko Turukiya ikora amashanyarazi arc furnace (EAF) ifite icyuma kinini cyagabanutse cyane mu 2019 bitewe n’ihungabana ry’ifaranga ryo mu 2018, ariko yakomeje kuzamuka nk’uko byatangiye mu mpera za 2019 bitewe n’ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi. Iterambere ryo kuzamuka kw’ifaranga rizakomeza, kandi ubwinshi bw’ibyuma byitezwe ko bizagaruka ku rwego rwa mbere y’ihungabana ry’ifaranga mu 2022, nk’uko bivugwa n’itsinda.
Ubukungu bwa Koreya y'Epfo, ikindi gihugu cyatumizaga ibicanwa mu mahanga, bwarokotse igabanuka rikomeye ry'umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu bitewe n'imicungire myiza y'icyorezo, kandi bwagaragaje iterambere ryiza mu ishoramari n'ubwubatsi bw'inyubako.
Nubwo bimeze gutyo, ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma bwagabanutseho 8% mu 2020 bitewe n'igabanuka ry'ibiciro mu nzego z'imodoka n'ubwubatsi bw'amato. Muri 2021-22, izi nzego zombi zizaba ziyoboye iterambere ry'ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro, bizashyigikirwa n'ingufu zikomeje kwiyongera mu ishoramari ry'ibigo n'ibikorwa remezo bya leta. Nyamara, ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma mu 2022 ntibyitezwe ko bizasubira ku rwego rwa mbere y'icyorezo.
Ubuhinde bwahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye cyo gufungirwa mu rugo igihe kirekire, byatumye ibikorwa byinshi by’inganda n’ubwubatsi bihagarara. Ariko, ubukungu bwakomeje kuzamuka cyane kuva muri Kanama, (cyane cyane kurusha uko byari byitezwe, nk’uko Worldsteel ibivuga), aho imishinga ya leta yongeye gusubukurwa ndetse n’ibikenewe cyane mu kugura ibikoresho.
Ubusabe bw'ibyuma mu Buhinde bwagabanutseho 13.7 ku ijana mu 2020 ariko biteganijwe ko buzongera kuzamukaho 19.8 ku ijana bukarenga urwego rwo mu 2019 mu 2021, bikaba bishoboka ko bizatanga inkuru nziza ku bacuruzi bohereza ibisigazwa by'ibyuma mu mahanga. Gahunda ya leta igamije iterambere izatuma ubusabe bw'ibyuma mu Buhinde bwiyongera, mu gihe ishoramari ry'abikorera rizafata igihe kirekire kugira ngo rigaruke.
Ubukungu bw'u Buyapani nabwo bwahuye n'ikibazo gikomeye cy'icyorezo bitewe n'ihagarara ry'ibikorwa by'ubukungu n'icyizere gito byongereye ingaruka z'izamuka ry'umusoro ku bicuruzwa mu Ukwakira 2019. Kubera igabanuka rikomeye ry'umusaruro w'imodoka, ikiguzi cy'ibyuma cyagabanutseho 16.8 ku ijana mu 2020. Izamuka ry'umusaruro w'ibyuma mu Buyapani rizaba riri ku rugero ruciriritse, bitewe n'izamuka ry'umusaruro mu rwego rw'imodoka aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'imashini z'inganda bizamuka bitewe n'izamuka ry'umusaruro ku isi hose, nk'uko Worldsteel ibivuga.
Mu karere k’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo y’Aziya y’Amajyepfo (ASEAN), ihungabana ry’imishinga y’ubwubatsi ryibasiwe n’isoko ry’ibyuma ririmo kwiyongera cyane, kandi icyifuzo cy’ibyuma cyagabanutseho 11.9 ku ijana mu 2020.
Maleziya (itumiza ibisigazwa byinshi muri Amerika) na Filipine nibyo byibasiwe cyane, mu gihe Viyetinamu na Indoneziya byagize igabanuka rito ry’ibikenewe mu byuma. Kuzasubirana ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi n’ubukerarugendo bizagenda birushaho kwihuta mu 2022.
Mu Bushinwa, urwego rw'ubwubatsi rwazamutse vuba kuva muri Mata 2020, rushyigikiwe n'ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo. Mu 2021 no gukomeza, ukwiyongera kw'ishoramari mu mutungo utimukanwa gushobora kugabanuka bitewe n'amabwiriza ya leta yo kugabanya iterambere muri urwo rwego.
Ishoramari mu mishinga y’ibikorwa remezo mu 2020 ryagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ryagabanutseho 0.9 ku ijana. Ariko, kubera ko guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yatangije imishinga mishya myinshi yo gushyigikira ubukungu, ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ryitezwe ko rizazamuka mu 2021 rigakomeza kugira ingaruka ku busabe bw’ibyuma mu 2022.
Mu rwego rw'inganda, umusaruro w'imodoka wakomeje kuzamuka cyane kuva muri Gicurasi 2020. Mu mwaka wose wa 2020, umusaruro w'imodoka wagabanutseho 1.4% gusa. Izindi nganda zagaragaje iterambere kubera icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Muri rusange mu Bushinwa, ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma rigaragara ryazamutseho 9.1 ku ijana mu 2020. Muri 2021, biteganijwe ko ingamba zo gutera inkunga zizashyirwaho muri 2020 zizakomeza gukoreshwa kugira ngo ubukungu bukomeze kwiyongera neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inzego nyinshi zikoresha ibyuma zizagaragaza ko ziciriritse. Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Ibyuma (Worldsteel) rifite icyicaro i Buruseli ryashyize ahagaragara icyerekezo cyaryo cy’igihe gito cya 2021 na 2022. Worldsteel iteganya ko ikiguzi cy’ibyuma kiziyongeraho 5.8 ku ijana muri 2021 kikagera kuri toni miliyari 1.88.
Umusaruro w'ibyuma wagabanutseho 0.2 ku ijana mu 2020. Muri 2022, ubukene bw'ibyuma buzongera kwiyongeraho 2.7 ku ijana bikagera kuri toni miliyari 1.925.
Worldsteel ivuga ko iteganyagihe ririho ubu riteganya ko “icyorezo cya kabiri cyangwa icya gatatu cy’ubwandu bwa [COVID-19] kizahagarara mu gihembwe cya kabiri kandi ko iterambere rirambye ku inkingo rizagerwaho, bigatuma ibintu bisubira mu buryo busanzwe mu bihugu bikomeye bikoresha ibyuma.”
“Nubwo icyorezo cyagize ingaruka mbi ku buzima n’imibereho, inganda z’ibyuma ku isi zagize amahirwe yo kurangiza umwaka wa 2020 nta kugabanuka guke k’ibiciro by’ibyuma,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Saeed Ghumran Al Remeithi, perezida wa Komite Ishinzwe Ubukungu ya Worldsteel.
Komite ivuga ko hakiri “ibitarasobanuka neza mu gihe gisigaye cya 2021,” ivuga ko iterambere rya virusi n’iterambere ry’inkingo, ikurwaho rya politiki y’imari n’iy’imari ishyigikira, politiki y’isi n’amakimbirane mu bucuruzi byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku izamuka ry’ubukungu ryavuzwe mu iteganyagihe ryayo.
Mu bihugu byateye imbere, Worldsteel yanditse iti: “Nyuma yo kugabanuka k’ubukungu mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2020, inganda muri rusange zazamutse vuba mu gihembwe cya gatatu, ahanini bitewe n’ingamba zikomeye zo gutera inkunga ingengo y’imari no gukuraho ubusabe bwari bwiyongera.”
Ariko, iri shyirahamwe rivuga ko urwego rw'ibikorwa rwakomeje kuba munsi y'urugero rwa mbere y'icyorezo mu mpera za 2020. Kubera iyo mpamvu, icyifuzo cy'ibyuma mu bihugu byateye imbere cyagabanutseho 12.7 ku ijana mu 2020.
Worldsteel irateganya ko “Tuzabona iterambere rikomeye mu 2021 na 2022, aho ubwiyongere bwa 8.2 ku ijana na 4.2 ku ijana buzaba buri ku kigero kimwe. Ariko, ubwiyongere bw’ibyuma mu 2022 buzakomeza kuba buke cyane mu 2019.”
Guverinoma yatangije imishinga mishya myinshi yo gushyigikira ubukungu, ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ryitezwe kwiyongera mu 2021 kandi rigakomeza kugira ingaruka ku busabe bw'ibyuma mu 2022.
Mu rwego rw'inganda, umusaruro w'imodoka wakomeje kuzamuka cyane kuva muri Gicurasi 2020. Mu mwaka wose wa 2020, umusaruro w'imodoka wagabanutseho 1.4% gusa. Izindi nganda zagaragaje iterambere kubera icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Muri rusange mu Bushinwa, ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma ryazamutseho 9.1 ku ijana mu 2020. Muri 2021, biteganijwe ko ingamba zo gutera inkunga zizashyirwaho muri 2020 zizakomeza gukoreshwa kugira ngo ubukungu bukomeze kwiyongera neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inzego nyinshi zikoresha ibyuma zizagaragaza iterambere riri hagati kandi ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho by’icyuma mu Bushinwa biteganijwe ko buziyongeraho 3 ku ijana mu 2021. Muri 2022, ukwiyongera kw’ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho by’icyuma “kuzagabanuka kugera ku ijana uko ingaruka z’ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho byo mu 2020 zizagabanuka, kandi guverinoma yibanda ku iterambere rirambye,” nk’uko Worldsteel ibivuga.
ukwiyongera kandi icyifuzo cy’icyuma mu Bushinwa cyitezweho kwiyongeraho 3% muri 2021. Muri 2022, ukwiyongera kw’igikenewe cy’icyuma “kuzagabanuka kugera ku ijana uko ingaruka z’inkunga yo mu 2020 zigabanuka, kandi guverinoma ikibanda ku iterambere rirambye,” nk’uko Worldsteel ibivuga.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 28 Nzeri 2021